[ti:Learn 10 Separable Phrasal Verbs]
[al:Everyday Grammar]
[ar:VOA]
[dt:2024-10-18]
[by:www.voase.cn]
[00:00.00]Welcome back to Everyday Grammar from VOA Learning English.
[00:06.36]Today we return to a very common verb form in English - phrasal verbs. 
[00:12.20]You will find one phrasal verb in every 192 words of written English. 
[00:20.01]They will make your English sound more natural once you begin using them correctly. 
[00:26.21]In an earlier program, we explained how and why English speakers use them.
[00:33.67]Today we look at some often-used phrasal verbs.
[00:39.07]This type of phrasal verb allows a direct object to come between the verb and the preposition or adverb.
[00:49.41]As you will hear, there is a special rule that learners should know about when using these 10 phrasal verbs.
[00:58.28]As you know, a phrasal verb is a phrase with two or more words: a verb and a preposition or adverb or both.
[01:09.47]We call the preposition or adverb a particle when it combines with a verb. Here are two examples:
[01:17.95]Please put the lamp on the desk.
[01:20.90]I think you're putting me on.
[01:24.17]In the first sentence, on is a preposition showing the position of the lamp.
[01:30.44]In the second sentence, on is an adverbial particle.
[01:34.81]Put on is a phrasal verb meaning "fool" or "trick" in this sentence.
[01:41.55]An important point is that a regular verb+preposition combination has two meanings.
[01:50.15]A phrasal verb, that is, a verb+particle, has a single meaning within a sentence.
[01:57.72]Many phrasal verbs have a number of different meanings in different situations.
[02:03.75]Yet the meaning of the verb+particle can usually be expressed with a single Latin-based verb.
[02:12.50]Here are two sentences with the same meaning:
[02:16.89]They tore down the old building.
[02:20.05]They demolished the old building.
[02:23.02]The verb tear has its own meaning, and so does the preposition down. 
[02:29.79]They can combine with other words when they are alone.
[02:34.17]But as a phrasal verb, tear down, they have one meaning: "destroy."
[02:39.73]In 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan visited West Germany. 
[02:47.13]He told a crowd in the divided city of Berlin, "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"
[02:57.28]Now for the tricky part.
[02:59.79]You know that some verbs are transitive, which means they have a direct object. 
[03:06.20]When such verbs appear as phrasal verbs, an object can either separate the phrase or follow it.
[03:14.36]Here's an example.
[03:15.71]I decided to throw out my old jeans.
[03:20.02]I decided to throw my old jeans out.
[03:23.73]Both of these sentences are correct. 
[03:27.36]The object of the phrasal verb throw out is jeans.
[03:32.24]You can use a pronoun instead of jeans and ask,
[03:36.50]Are you sure you want to throw them out?
[03:39.69]However, you cannot ask, "Are you sure you want to throw out them?" Here, the pronoun them must appear between the verb and the particle.
[03:54.41]In recent years, language experts began to use computers to examine a large collection, or corpus, of written and spoken language.
[04:06.28]When researchers look for phrasal verbs, they find that many deal with an activity. 
[04:12.52]They also find a few verbs combine with many particles.
[04:17.95]Among the most common verbs are come, put, get, go, pick, sit and take.
[04:28.06]These combine with the adverb particles up, out, in, on, off, and down to make up a group of very useful phrasal verbs.
[04:40.20]Now, let's look at transitive phrasal verbs.
[04:44.53]See the list at the end of the article. 
[04:48.15]The verb get is part of many phrasal verbs. 
[04:52.37]For example, we use get up to mean "to wake oneself up" or "to awaken someone." 
[05:00.65]For example:
[05:02.13]My son loves to sleep late. I got him up on time to catch the bus this morning.
[05:09.83]Remember, the pronoun has to come between the verb and the adverb, so we cannot say, "I got up him."
[05:19.15]Notice how the Norwegian group A-ha uses a separable phrasal verb two ways in their song, "Take On Me." 
[05:28.70]Which one is correct in formal grammar?
[05:31.83]I'll be coming for your love, OK?
[05:35.02]Take on me, (take on me)
[05:37.37]Take me on, (take on me)
[05:40.54]I'll be gone
[05:41.30]In a day or two
[05:43.30]For Learning English Everyday Grammar, I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm John Russell.